3名世界杯正选裁判驰援中超执法 加紧“热身”备考国际足联体测 2022赛季中超联赛第二阶段(第11轮)赛事将于8月5日拉开战幕。受联赛恢复主客场制影响，各队联赛期间的城际间流动增多，对裁判员城际间流动的需求也更高。北京青年报记者8月3日获悉，包括获得卡塔尔世界杯决赛阶段执法资格的国际级裁判员马宁以及国际级助理裁判员曹奕、施翔在内，中国足协所有在册国际级裁判员(7主、9助)均将参与本阶段中超执法。
DETROIT -- Detroit's three automakers have laid off roughly 4,800 workers at factories that are not among the plants that have been hit by the United Auto Workers strikes, which have lasted for nearly four weeks.The companies say the strikes have nevertheless forced them to impose those layoffs. They note that the job cuts have occurred mainly at factories that make parts for assembly plants that were closed by strikes. In one case, layoffs have been imposed at a factory that uses supplies from a parts factory on strike.The UAW rejects that argument. It contends that the layoffs are unjustified and were imposed as part of the companies' pressure campaign to persuade UAW members to accept less favorable terms in negotiations with automakers. The factories that have been affected by layoffs are in six states: Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Kansas, Indiana and New York. Sam Fiorani, an analyst with AutoForecast Solutions, a consulting firm, said he thinks the layoffs reflect a simple reality: The automakers are losing money because of the strikes. By slowing or idling factories that are running below their capacities because of strike-related parts shortages, Fiorani said, the companies can mitigate further losses.“It doesn’t make sense to keep running at 30% or 40% of capacity when it normally runs at 100%,” he said. “We’re not looking at huge numbers of workers relative to the ones actually being struck. But there is fallout.”In a statement, Bryce Currie, vice president of Americas manufacturing at Ford, said: “While we are doing what we can to avoid layoffs, we have no choice but to reduce production of parts that would be destined for a plant that is on strike."UAW President Shawn Fain countered in a statement that the automakers were using layoffs to pressure the union into settling the strike. With billions in profits, Fain argued, the companies don’t have to lay off a single employee.The UAW began striking against General Motors, Ford and Stellantis on Sept. 15, with one assembly plant from each company. The next week, the union expanded the strike to 38 GM and Stellantis parts warehouses. Assembly plants from Ford and GM were added the week after that. All told, about 25,000 workers have walked off their jobs at the three automakers. Striking workers are receiving $500 a week from the union’s strike pay fund. By contrast, anyone who is laid off would qualify for state unemployment aid, which, depending on a variety of circumstances, could be less or more than $500 a week. “Their plan won’t work,” Fain said. “The UAW will make sure any worker laid off in the Big Three’s latest attack will not go without an income.”GM said it has laid off 2,330 workers, including 1,600 at a temporarily closed assembly plant in Kansas City, Kansas, that makes the Chevrolet Malibu sedan and Cadillac XT4 small SUV. The plant uses metal parts produced at the GM plant in Wentzville, Missouri, which is on strike. Other GM facilities that have been affected by layoffs are in Lockport, New York; Toledo, Ohio; Marion, Indiana; Parma, Ohio; and Lansing, Michigan.Ford said it has laid off 1,865 workers. They include 600 auto-body and parts-stamping employees in Wayne, Michigan, who are not on strike but who have been affected by a nearby assembly plant that has been struck. Other Ford locations with layoffs include Chicago; Sterling Heights and Livonia, Michigan; and Cleveland and Lima, Ohio. Stellantis said late Monday that it had laid off about 640 workers, including 520 at an engine factory complex in Trenton, Michigan, that supplies a Jeep plant in Toledo, Ohio, that is on strike. Other locations with layoffs include a metal casting plant in Kokomo, Indiana, and a machining factory in Toledo. Fiorani said that if the strike widens, more workers will likely be laid off at non-striking plants. Once metal stamping factories that supply multiple assembly plants have produced enough parts for non-striking facilities, the companies would likely shut them down.“Once you've filled up the stocks for the other plants you supply," he said, “you have to lay off the workers and wait out the strike.”Separate companies that manufacture parts for the automakers are likely to have laid off workers but might not report them publicly, said Patrick Anderson, CEO of the Anderson Economic Group in Lansing, Michigan. A survey of parts supply companies by a trade association called MEMA Original Equipment Suppliers found that 30% of members have laid off workers and that more than 60% expect to start layoffs in mid-October.Fiorani said that while larger parts suppliers can likely withstand the strike, smaller companies that make parts for the bigger companies might not have enough cash or the ability to borrow to outlast the job actions. Some, he said, may have a couple dozen workers “and don't have billions in value to use as collateral in loans,” he said. Thus far, the union has decided to target a small number of plants from each company rather than have all 146,000 UAW members at the automakers go on strike at the same time.Last week, the union reported progress in the talks and decided not to add any more plants. This came after GM agreed to bring joint-venture electric vehicle battery factories into the national master contract, almost assuring that the plants will be unionized.Battery plants are a major point of contention in the negotiations. The UAW wants those plants to be unionized to assure jobs and top wages for workers who will be displaced by the industry's ongoing transition to electric vehicles.。
二 | 不过马宁等3人在中超联赛进行期间，将根据国际足联安排，适时出访，参加卡塔尔世界杯执法工作的培训及其他相关业务活动。
三 | 部分裁判员因疫情不能执法中超 马宁等三人驰援 据了解，此前长期在境外执法的国际级裁判员傅明在赴乌兹别克斯坦完成U23亚洲杯赛事执法工作后已于6月13日回国，国际级裁判员马宁以及国际级助理裁判员曹奕、施翔在完成同一赛事执法任务后，也于6月25日回到国内。由于此前连续执法多场国际比赛，他们回国后难得休整一番，因此并没有参加中超联赛首阶段后半程赛事执法工作。
四 | 受疫情影响，中超首阶段，也就是前10轮赛事采用赛会集中制，赛事主办方暂无法邀请外籍裁判来华执法。不过，部分裁判员却因疫情或不能向本单位请长假，无法到赛区执法。从此阶段执法工作来看，联赛对优质裁判员的需求较高。在裁判人员紧张的情况下，部分裁判员不得不在不同封闭赛区之间流动，他们也格外辛苦。对马宁、曹奕、施翔而言，接下来的中超执法工作亦是他们卡塔尔世界杯执法工作前的重要“热身”，有助于他们保持身体状态，同时进一步通过实践熟悉最新国际足联判罚规则尺度调整。马宁以155场 中超执法场次排名第一 2020年3月，马宁在参加完国际足联精英裁判研讨会后，受疫情影响，曾连续一年多未参与执法国际比赛，其竞争世界杯执法资格的前景一度被外界看衰。
五 | 不过，马宁最终还是凭借良好的业务能力成为卡塔尔世界杯正赛主裁判，被他“挤”下的竞争者包括执法过俄罗斯世界杯的日本人佐藤隆治、巴林人舒克拉拉、约旦人马克哈德梅赫等。去年4月14日，马宁、曹奕重返亚冠执法舞台。此后，中国足协给予了马宁等人充分的便利，允许他们长期在外执法，而在世预赛和亚冠上，马宁等几位中国籍国际级裁判员的执法表现获得业界普遍好评。2021年11月1日至5日，马宁、施翔受邀参加在多哈举行的世界杯候选精英裁判员研讨会，这被视为世界杯裁判选派工作的“风向标”。最终，马宁与搭档施翔、曹奕一同入围卡塔尔世界杯决赛圈执法裁判员阵营，创造了中国足球一项新纪录。本赛季中超联赛首阶段后，中国足协和中足联筹备组高层向执法中超超过百场的裁判颁发了纪念奖章。其中，马宁以155场中超执法场次排名第一。国际级裁判员参与 有益提升中超整体执法水准 在现役中国足协在册国际级裁判员中，执法场次第二多的是128场的王迪，张雷为107场，傅明的中超执法场次则是102场。值得注意的是，马宁、傅明受长期赴海外执法影响，已经超过一年未能执法中超比赛，他们的回归，将有益于提升中超的整体执法水准。
六 | 因卡塔尔世界杯开赛前国际足联裁判部还将组织裁判员接受赛前各类业务培训，他们还需接受严格的体能测试，因此，马宁、曹奕、施翔3人不可能连续执法中超比赛至赛季落幕，他们甚至有可能执法几轮赛事后，就出国参加国际足联组织的活动。文/本报记者 肖赧 【编辑:叶攀】
